Central nervous system – brain

The consequences of stroke, traumatic brain injury, autoimmune (e.g. multiple sclerosis) and neurodegenerative (e.g. Parkinson's disease) brain diseases, postoperative conditions after brain tumour surgery, infections of the central nervous system (e.g. borreliosis), the toxic effects of alcohol and drug abuse can damage the sensitive and delicate tissue of the brain and cause severe deficits, which often leave permanent consequences even after the harmful agent that caused them has stopped acting. The brain's capacity for regeneration is very limited, so we have to rely on neuroplasticity, which requires a great deal of persistence and effort, above all in the form of exercise therapy, with the primary aim of activating neurons. Rehabilitation after a stroke is one of the most demanding rehabilitation processes, and such a serious and complex procedure should, if at all possible, not take place at home with the help of family members. Neurorehabilitation is the process of recovery after damage to the CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system), which requires regular, comprehensive rehabilitation under the continuous supervision of a professional in controlled conditions.

Vertigo

Vertigo (dizziness) is a false sensation of movement, combined with problems with balance and walking. Symptoms may be acute, chronic or episodic, and accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The causes may be peripheral (otogenic) or central.

Stroke

Early recognition and intervention were, and still are, crucial to reducing the direct consequences of a stroke, and the solution may be medication or an intervention on the blood vessels of the brain.

Traumatic brain injury

Blows to the head that we sustain by accident – when we hit a low ceiling or a door frame, or hit our head on the steering wheel or the door in a traffic accident – leave no visible external injuries, whereas far more dangerous are…

Multiple sclerosis

The most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis, also known as encephalomyelitis disseminata. There are many autoimmune diseases that can affect the central nervous system (CNS).

Parkinson's disease

Difficult, slowed movement and shaking, together with a characteristic stance and posture – these features are also known as rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia. Typical clinical manifestations can be seen in posture and gait: reduced and slowed visible movements, rigidity and tremor at rest.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Motor neurone disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Lou Gehrig's disease are synonymous terms. The disease occurs sporadically and is rarely familial. Among genetic disorders, a defect in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase has been found.

Guillain–Barré syndrome

Also known as acute ascending polyradiculitis or Landry–Guillain–Barré syndrome. This syndrome can have many causes and triggers, from viral or bacterial infections to unknown ones, with the body's immune response playing the dominant role.

Polio and post-polio syndrome

Once a common disease, polio can reappear with the migration of unvaccinated populations and where vaccination coverage is lower. In physiatric practice here, cases from the pre-vaccination era predominate; developed public health systems have reduced this disease to almost zero, above all through prophylactic vaccination.

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