{"id":16477,"date":"2019-10-16T21:29:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-16T21:29:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/?page_id=16477"},"modified":"2026-10-04T23:47:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T21:47:08","slug":"rehabilitacija-gleznja-i-stopala-u-sportu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/en\/rehabilitacija-gleznja-i-stopala-u-sportu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ankle and foot rehabilitation in sport"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ankle and foot rehabilitation in sport<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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The foot is the part of the locomotor system that is in contact with the ground when walking, running and moving in general. As the human species evolved, the foot gained many functions but lost some of its characteristics, and this often lies behind pathological changes, a tendency to injury and difficult recovery. Instability of the ankle structures leads to frequent sprains and ligament injuries, but also to fractures. Fractures of the fibula, the tibia and the bones of the foot require immobilisation followed by appropriate rehabilitation. Depending on the location and extent of the fracture, rehabilitation must be adapted to the injury itself, to the healing capacity of the tissues, and to the person's abilities and demands.<\/p>

Complications arising from an injury need to be properly prevented through early recognition and treatment. Secondary consequences in the form of osteoarthritis are very common. Complications are more frequent when movement is restricted by closed immobilisation than with surgical treatment. In summary, complications range from reduced range of motion, osteoarthritis, chronic instability, non-union or delayed union, reflex sympathetic dystrophy (complex regional pain syndrome, or Sudeck's dystrophy), infection, adhesive capsulitis, tendon rupture and tissue calcification to anterior and posterior impingement syndromes and injuries to vascular and nerve structures. Injuries affecting the ankle (talocrural) and subtalar joints reduce movement and cause pain and swelling, along with all the possible complications listed above. Fractures of the calcaneus, talus or tarsal bones are classed as injuries of the hindfoot, injuries of the metatarsal area as injuries of the midfoot, and fractures of the phalanges as fractures of the forefoot. Fractures of the base of the fifth metatarsal and the dancer's fracture deserve special mention: the proximal part is usually treated conservatively, while the middle and distal parts are treated surgically. Because the foot, ankle and lower leg are exposed to considerable forces, fatigue fractures (stress fractures) are common with prolonged walking, running, ballet, jumping, prolonged standing, skiing, inadequate footwear, cycling and parachute jumps. Injuries to the medial and lateral ligament complexes are a separate topic.<\/p>

Injuries and overuse syndromes of the plantar fascia \u2013 whether they arise acutely or chronically, with or without calcification (the so-called heel spur) \u2013 call for appropriate diagnosis and treatment, to prevent the problems from becoming chronic and to help significantly towards better daily and sporting function.<\/p>

Bursae in the foot, especially those next to the Achilles tendon, become enlarged in a number of disease processes \u2013 not only those directly affecting the structure itself, but also in systemic disorders. An os trigonum in the posterior recess of the ankle can be an incidental finding, but it can also cause significant pain and limited movement. Tarsal tunnel syndrome arises in the posteromedial part of the ankle; the patient usually complains of numbness and pain in the foot. There are many causes, from soft-tissue trauma, fractures, post-traumatic fibrosis and talocalcaneal coalition to soft-tissue masses, ganglion cysts, lipomas, varicose veins, synovial hypertrophy, muscle hypertrophy and structural anomalies. Sinus tarsi syndrome requires a separate work-up. Impingement syndromes of the ankle are common, whether anterior or posterior; they are diagnosed clinically and radiologically.<\/p>

Pain in the front of the foot can result from many diseases and syndromes: metatarsalgia, sesamoiditis, osteochondritis, synovitis, a stiff big toe (hallux rigidus), neuromas, stress injuries and many others are very common. Degenerative changes occur earlier and more often in athletes, but with good prevention \u2013 proper technique, footwear and corrective insoles \u2013 some of these changes can be prevented. As elsewhere in the skeleton, inflammatory arthritis can initially mask other disorders. The likelihood of metabolic foot disease, such as gout, increases with age. Because the foot is in contact with other surfaces and with unclean footwear, the potential for infection is considerable. Fungal changes on the foot are called athlete's foot; they occur when inadequate hygiene of the feet and footwear, and poor care of footwear, allow pathogenic microorganisms to grow, with medical, aesthetic and social repercussions. There are many deformities of the foot and ankle, such as valgus, varus, adductus, abductus, equinus, cavus, planus, calcaneus and others. As in other parts of the skeleton, osteonecrosis can affect bone structures: K\u00f6hler's osteonecrosis affects the navicular bone, and Freiberg's disease affects the heads of the metatarsal bones.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rehabilitacija gle\u017enja i stopala u sportu Stopalo je dio lokomotornog sustava koje je u kontaktu s podlogom prilikom hoda, tr\u010danja i generalno kretanja. Razvojem ljudske vrste ono je dobilo mnoge funkcije ali je izgubilo neke svoje odlike, te se u tome \u010desto krije i razlog patolo\u0161kih promjena, sklonosti ozljedama i ote\u017eanog oporavka. Nestabilnost strukture gle\u017enja […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16973,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16477","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","clearfix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16477"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21625,"href":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16477\/revisions\/21625"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.faktorzdravlje.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}